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The Alpine race is a historical race concept defined by some late 19th-century and early 20th-century anthropologists as one of the sub-races of the Caucasian race,〔Anne Maxwell, ''Picture Imperfect: Photography and Eugenics, 1870–1940'', Sussex Academic Press, 2010, ISBN 1845194152〕〔(Race and Racism: An Introduction ) ((see also) ) by Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban, Pages 127-133, Publication Date: December 8, 2005, ISBN 0759107955〕〔(The Races of Europe ) by Carleton S. Coon〕 others including the Nordic, Mediterranean, Dinaric, and East Baltic. The origin of the Alpine race was variously identified. Ripley argued that it migrated from Central Asia during the Neolithic revolution, splitting the Nordic and Mediterranean populations. It was also identified as descending from the Celts residing in central Europe in Neolithic times.〔 J. A. MacCulloch. ''Religion of the Ancient Celts''. Kessinger Publishing, 2003. P. 8.〕 ==History== The term "Alpine" (''H. Alpinus'') has historically been given to denote a physical type within the Caucasian race, first defined by William Z. Ripley (1899), but originally proposed by Vacher de Lapouge. It is equivalent to Joseph Deniker's "Occidental" or "Cevenole" subrace〔Les Six Races Composant la Population Actuelle de l'Europe, J. Deniker, The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 34, (Jul. - Dec., 1904), pp. 181-206.〕〔Deniker's Classification of the Races of Europe, William Z. Ripley, The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 28, No. 1/2 (1899), pp. 166-173.〕 and Jan Czekanowski identified it, as of the ''Lappanoid'' race. In the early 20th century the Alpine physical type was popularised by numerous anthropologists, such as Thomas Griffith Taylor and Madison Grant, as well as in Soviet era anthropology.〔The Nordic and Alpine Races and Their Kin: A Study of Ethnological Trends, Griffith Taylor, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 37, No. 1 (Jul., 1931), pp. 67-81.〕〔(The Great Soviet Encyclopaedia ) ''(Russian)''〕 The German Nazi Party under the influence direction of Hans F. K. Günther, recognized the Germans as including five Aryan racial subtypes, described by Günther in his work ''Klein Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes'' (1929): Nordic, Alpine, Mediterranean, East Baltic, and Dinaric, viewing Nordics as being at the top of the racial hierarchy.〔 He defined each racial subtype according to general physical appearance and their psychological qualities including their "racial soul" - referring to their emotional traits and religious beliefs, and provided detailed information on their hair, eye, and skin colours, facial structure.〔 He provided photographs of Germans identified as Nordic in places like Baden, Stuttgart, Salzburg, and Schwaben; and provided photographs of Germans he identified as Nordic and Mediterranean types, especially in Bavaria and the Black Forest region of Baden.〔 Hitler was so impressed by this work by Günther, that he made it the basis of his eugenics policy.〔 Adolf Hitler utilized the term Alpine to refer to a type of the Aryan race, and in an interview spoke admirably about his idol Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini, commending Mussolini's Alpine racial heritage saying: It however fell out of popularity by the 1950s, but reappeared in the literature of Sonia Mary Cole (1963) and Carleton Coon (1969).〔Carleton Stevens Coon, Edward E. Hunt, ''The living races of man'', Knopf, 1969, p. 66.〕 In more recent sources, a very small array of anthropologists accustomed with such usage, still use the term.〔Roger Pearson, ''Anthropological Glossary'', Krieger Publishing Co., Malabar, Fl. 1985. Alice Mossie Brues, ''People and Races'', 1990.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alpine race」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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